[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/rtttl/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - rtttl.play: 'siren:d=8,o=5,b=100:d,e,d,e,d,e,d,e'
+      - rtttl.stop
+
+output:
+  - platform: esp8266_pwm
+    id: rtttl_output
+    pin: 13
+    frequency: 1500Hz
+    max_power: 0.5
+
+rtttl:
+  output: rtttl_output