Separate logger implementations for each hardware platform into different files (#6167)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#include "logger.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace logger {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "logger";
+
+void Logger::pre_setup() {
+  if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
+    switch (this->uart_) {
+      case UART_SELECTION_UART0:
+        this->hw_serial_ = &Serial1;
+        Serial1.begin(this->baud_rate_);
+        break;
+      case UART_SELECTION_UART1:
+        this->hw_serial_ = &Serial2;
+        Serial2.begin(this->baud_rate_);
+        break;
+      case UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC:
+        this->hw_serial_ = &Serial;
+        Serial.begin(this->baud_rate_);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  global_logger = this;
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
+}
+
+void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg) { this->hw_serial_->println(msg); }
+
+const char *const UART_SELECTIONS[] = {"UART0", "UART1", "USB_CDC"};
+
+const char *Logger::get_uart_selection_() { return UART_SELECTIONS[this->uart_]; }
+
+}  // namespace logger
+}  // namespace esphome
+#endif  // USE_RP2040