refactor mcp4728 component (#5609)

Co-authored-by: Samuel Sieb <samuel@sieb.net>

esphome/components/mcp4728/mcp4728.h

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace mcp4728 {
+
+enum class CMD {
+  FAST_WRITE = 0x00,
+  MULTI_WRITE = 0x40,
+  SINGLE_WRITE = 0x58,
+  SEQ_WRITE = 0x50,
+  SELECT_VREF = 0x80,
+  SELECT_GAIN = 0xC0,
+  SELECT_POWER_DOWN = 0xA0
+};
+
+enum MCP4728Vref { MCP4728_VREF_VDD = 0, MCP4728_VREF_INTERNAL_2_8V = 1 };
+
+enum MCP4728PwrDown {
+  MCP4728_PD_NORMAL = 0,
+  MCP4728_PD_GND_1KOHM = 1,
+  MCP4728_PD_GND_100KOHM = 2,
+  MCP4728_PD_GND_500KOHM = 3
+};
+
+enum MCP4728Gain { MCP4728_GAIN_X1 = 0, MCP4728_GAIN_X2 = 1 };
+
+enum MCP4728ChannelIdx { MCP4728_CHANNEL_A = 0, MCP4728_CHANNEL_B = 1, MCP4728_CHANNEL_C = 2, MCP4728_CHANNEL_D = 3 };
+
+struct DACInputData {
+  MCP4728Vref vref;
+  MCP4728PwrDown pd;
+  MCP4728Gain gain;
+  uint16_t data;
+};
+
+class MCP4728Channel;
+
+/// MCP4728 float output component.
+class MCP4728Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  MCP4728Component(bool store_in_eeprom) : store_in_eeprom_(store_in_eeprom) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
+  void loop() override;
+
+ protected:
+  friend MCP4728Channel;
+  void set_channel_value_(MCP4728ChannelIdx channel, uint16_t value);
+  bool multi_write_();
+  bool seq_write_();
+  void select_vref_(MCP4728ChannelIdx channel, MCP4728Vref vref);
+  void select_power_down_(MCP4728ChannelIdx channel, MCP4728PwrDown pd);
+  void select_gain_(MCP4728ChannelIdx channel, MCP4728Gain gain);
+
+ private:
+  DACInputData reg_[4];
+  bool store_in_eeprom_ = false;
+  bool update_ = false;
+};
+
+}  // namespace mcp4728
+}  // namespace esphome