[http_request] Add esp-idf and rp2040 support (#3256)

* Implement http_request component for esp-idf

* Fix ifdefs

* Lint

* clang

* Set else to fail with error message

* Use unique_ptr

* Fix

* Tidy up casting, explicit HttpResponse lifetime (#3265)

Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>

* Remove unique_ptr wrapper

* Fix

* Use reference

* Add duration code into new split files

* Add config for tx/rx buffer on idf

* Fix

* Try reserve response data with rx buffer size

* Update http_request.h

* Move client cleanup to be earlier

* Move capture_response to bool on struct and remove global

* Fix returns

* Change quotes to brackets

* Rework http request

* Remove http request from old test yamls

* Update component tests

* Validate md5 length when hardcoded string

* Linting

* Add duration_ms to container

* More lint

* const

* Remove default arguments and add helper functions for get and post

* Add virtual destructor to HttpContainer

* Undo const HEADER_KEYS

* 🤦

* Update esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

* Update esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

* lint

* Move header keys inline

* Add missing WatchdogManagers

* CAPS

* Fix "follow redirects" string in config dump

* IDF 5+ fix

---------

Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <413395+dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

tests/test7.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Tests for ESP32-C3 boards which use toolchain-riscv32-esp
 ---
 wifi:
-  ssid: 'ssid'
+  ssid: "ssid"
 
 network:
   enable_ipv6: true
@@ -12,31 +12,12 @@ esp32:
     type: arduino
 
 esphome:
-  name: 'on-response-test'
-  on_boot:
-    then:
-      - http_request.send:
-          method: PUT
-          url: https://esphome.io
-          headers:
-            Content-Type: application/json
-          body: Some data
-          verify_ssl: false
-          on_response:
-            then:
-              - logger.log:
-                  format: "Response status: %d"
-                  args:
-                    - status_code
+  name: test7
 
 logger:
 
 debug:
 
-http_request:
-  useragent: esphome/tagreader
-  timeout: 10s
-
 sensor:
   - platform: adc
     id: adc_sensor_p4