Fix build failures on host platform caused by #6167 (#6338)

* Fix build failures for logger component on host platform

* Add climits header

* Restore logger functionality on host

* Install libsodium in ci

esphome/components/logger/__init__.py

@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ def uart_selection(value):
         component = get_libretiny_component()
         if component in UART_SELECTION_LIBRETINY:
             return cv.one_of(*UART_SELECTION_LIBRETINY[component], upper=True)(value)
+    if CORE.is_host:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Uart selection not valid for host platform")
     raise NotImplementedError